ndi liti botolo la vacuum linapangidwa

Thermos ndi chinthu chapakhomo chopezeka paliponse chomwe chasintha momwe timasungira komanso kumwa zakumwa zotentha ndi zozizira.Mapangidwe ake anzeru amatilola kusangalala ndi zakumwa zomwe timakonda pa kutentha komwe tikufuna, kaya tili paulendo kapena titakhala pa tebulo.Koma kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi liti pamene zinthu zodabwitsa zimenezi zinatulukira?Lowani nane paulendo wodutsa nthawi kuti muwulule zoyambira za thermos ndi malingaliro amphamvu omwe adapangidwa.

Anakhazikitsidwa:

Nkhani ya thermos imayamba ndi Sir James Dewar, wasayansi waku Scotland wa m'zaka za zana la 19.Mu 1892, Sir Dewar adapereka chilolezo cha "thermos", chombo chosinthira chomwe chimatha kusunga zakumwa zotentha kapena kuzizira kwa nthawi yayitali.Anasonkhezeredwa ndi zoyesayesa zake zasayansi zogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa liquefied, umene unkafuna kutenthetsa kuti asatenthedwe kwambiri.

Kutulukira kwa Dewar kunasonyeza chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya thermodynamics.Mabotolo a vacuum, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mabotolo a Dewar, amakhala ndi chidebe chokhala ndi mipanda iwiri.Chidebe chamkati chimakhala ndi madzi, pomwe danga lapakati pa makoma limatsekedwa ndi vacuum kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa kutentha kudzera mu convection ndi conduction.

Kutsatsa ndi Kupititsa patsogolo:

Dewar atapatsidwa chilolezo, botolo la vacuum lidapangidwa bwino ndi opanga ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.Mu 1904, wowombera magalasi waku Germany Reinhold Burger adapanga bwino mapangidwe a Dewar posintha chotengera chagalasi chamkati ndi envelopu yagalasi yokhazikika.Kubwereza uku kunakhala maziko a thermos yamakono yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.

Komabe, sizinali mpaka 1911 pamene ma flasks a thermos adatchuka kwambiri.Katswiri wa ku Germany komanso woyambitsa Carl von Linde anakonzanso kamangidwe kake powonjezera plating ya siliva pabokosi lagalasi.Izi zimathandizira kusungunula kwamafuta, zomwe zimawonjezera kutentha.

Kutengedwa ndi kutchuka kwapadziko lonse:

Pamene dziko lonse lapansi lidazindikira mphamvu zodabwitsa za thermos, idayamba kutchuka mwachangu.Opanga anayamba kupanga mabotolo ambiri a thermos, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofikirika kwa anthu amitundu yonse.Pobwera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mlanduwo udakwezedwa kwambiri, wopatsa kulimba komanso kukongola kowoneka bwino.

Kusinthasintha kwa thermos kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu chapakhomo ndi ntchito zambiri.Chakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa apaulendo, oyenda m'misasa, ndi oyenda ulendo, kuwapangitsa kusangalala ndi chakumwa chotentha paulendo wawo wapaulendo.Kutchuka kwake kwalimbikitsidwanso ndi kufunikira kwake monga chidebe chonyamulika komanso chodalirika cha zakumwa zotentha ndi zozizira.

Evolution ndi zatsopano zamakono:

M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, mabotolo a thermos apitirizabe kusintha.Opanga ayambitsa zinthu monga njira zosavuta zothira, makapu omangidwa, komanso ukadaulo wanzeru womwe umatsata ndikuwunika kutentha.Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumakwaniritsa zosowa ndi zokonda za ogula, zomwe zimapangitsa mabotolo a thermos kukhala gawo lofunikira pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku.

Ulendo wodabwitsa wa thermos kuchokera ku kuyesa kwa sayansi kupita ku ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi umboni wa luntha laumunthu komanso chikhumbo chofuna kupititsa patsogolo zochitika zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku.Sir James Dewar, Reinhold Burger, Carl von Linde ndi ena osawerengeka anatsegula njira yachidziwitsochi, kupangitsa Titha kumwa zakumwa zomwe timakonda pa kutentha koyenera nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse.Pamene tikupitiriza kukumbatira ndi kupanga zatsopano zopanga nthawiyi, thermos imakhalabe chizindikiro cha zosavuta, zokhazikika komanso zanzeru zaumunthu.